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Static level gauge and inclinometer for monitoring and early warning of subway deformation
In cities in our country that already have subways, there are more and more deep foundation pits along the subway lines (very close to the subway tunnels). How to protect the operating subway tunnels during the excavation of foundation pits is a very practical issue. By using information-based construction and monitoring methods, the foundation pit construction process can be effectively guided. The methods used during construction, such as the time-space effect method, reverse construction method, grouting method, and foundation pit reinforcement methods, can all achieve the purpose of protecting adjacent tunnels and controlling deformation. However, conventional subway deformation monitoring methods are quite difficult to implement in operating subway tunnels, mainly because the intervals between subway operations are very short, and personnel are absolutely not allowed to enter during operation. Therefore, a simple, unattended, automatic dynamic monitoring method is required, which can quickly complete the deformation monitoring of the tunnel within a very short time interval and provide monitoring data for the construction of adjacent foundation pits. To ensure the safe operation of the subway, continuous monitoring of the deformation of the operating tunnel must be carried out during the excavation of the foundation pit.
Monitoring requirements
Since the subway tunnel is in a fully enclosed operating state for more than two-thirds of the day, monitoring personnel are absolutely not allowed to enter the tunnel to work. Therefore, it is required to set up an automated monitoring system in the tunnel to replace manual operations, achieving continuous and accurate monitoring of the tunnel's horizontal and vertical displacements. Considering the short intervals of subway operations, the monitoring system used should be able to complete the deformation monitoring of the tunnel (affected section) within 3 to 5 minutes, in order to understand the deformation patterns and characteristics of the subway tunnel caused by the excavation of the foundation pit.
Composition of the automated monitoring system
A complete automated monitoring system refers to the realization of automatic observation, recording, processing, storage, report preparation, early warning, and forecasting functions without the intervention of operators. It consists of a series of software and hardware, and the entire system configuration includes:Foundation pit inclinometer、Differential pressure static level gauge、laser rangefinder, surface strain gauge, measurement and control terminal (GPRS), communication cables and power supply cables, computer and dedicated software.
Inclination monitoring
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