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Car four-wheel alignment
From the construction of the car, the installation of the steering wheels (front wheels), steering knuckles, and front axle has a certain relative position. This installation with a certain relative position is called steering wheel alignment, also known as front wheel alignment. Front wheel alignment includes caster angle, camber angle, toe angle, and front toe. For the two rear wheels, there is also a relative position of installation with the rear axle, called rear wheel alignment. Rear wheel alignment includes wheel camber angle and individual rear wheel toe. Thus, front wheel alignment and rear wheel alignment together are called four-wheel alignment.
When the vehicle leaves the factory, the alignment angles are preset according to design requirements. These alignment angles work together to ensure the comfort and safety of vehicle driving. However, after the vehicle is sold and driven for a period of time, these alignment angles may change due to severe bumps caused by traffic accidents, uneven road surfaces (especially when suddenly encountering an uneven road surface at high speeds), wear of chassis parts, replacement of chassis parts, tire changes, and other reasons. Once the alignment angles change for any reason, symptoms such as abnormal tire wear, vehicle drift, decreased safety, increased fuel consumption, accelerated part wear, heavy steering, and vehicle floatiness may occur. Some symptoms can be very dangerous when driving at high speeds.
Four-wheel alignment instrument
The purpose of four-wheel alignment maintenance service is to diagnose and treat the aforementioned discomforts of the vehicle through measuring the alignment angles. Generally, new cars should have a four-wheel alignment done three months after driving, and then every 10,000 kilometers, after changing tires or shock absorbers, and after any collisions, a four-wheel alignment should be performed in a timely manner. Correct wheel alignment can ensure flexible steering, comfortable seating, maintain straight driving, extend tire life, and reduce vibrations caused by the road.
Currently, most instruments responsible for wheel alignment detection are 'four-wheel alignment instruments'. During detection, the four-wheel alignment instrument first measures the current four-wheel alignment parameters of the car, then the computer automatically compares them with the stored values for the corresponding vehicle model, calculating the deviation values for the car's four-wheel alignment. The maintenance personnel can restore the original state according to the prompts from the alignment instrument.
Inclination sensors in the four-wheel alignment instrument
For different four-wheel alignment devices, the key factor is whether the measurement sensors are accurate. Modern cars generally use independent front and rear suspensions, and the main parameters detected by the four-wheel alignment instrument are wheel camber angle, caster angle, camber angle, and toe parameters. The four-wheel alignment measurement system measures the above angles, except for the toe angle, which is generally achieved through a turntable or angle sensor; other angles are generally measured using inclination sensors. The inclination sensor is fixed on the base plate of the four-wheel alignment instrument and is then installed on the car's wheels using clamps.
Due to the structure of the car, the measurement of the inclination angles in the car wheel alignment is divided into direct measurement and indirect measurement. From the definition of wheel inclination angles, it can be seen that the wheel camber angle can be directly measured using an inclination sensor, while the caster angle and camber angle cannot be measured directly through the inclination sensor because the caster is installed on the inner side of the wheel. The measurement range of wheel inclination angles should be around ± 15°. For current vehicle models, the adjustment deviation of the inclination angle is generally around 5', for example: the front wheel camber angle value for Shanghai Volkswagen PASSAT B5 is -0° 35' to ± 0° 25', so the measurement resolution of the sensor should be less than or equal to 5'.
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