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Shield tunneling machine


 

       The shield tunneling machine, also known as a shield tunnel boring machine, is a specialized engineering machine for tunnel excavation. The basic working principle of the shield machine is a cylindrical steel component that advances along the axis of the tunnel while excavating the soil. The shell of this cylindrical component is what is commonly referred to as the shield, which provides temporary support for the excavated but unlined sections of the tunnel. It not only bears the pressure from the surrounding soil layers but also withstands groundwater pressure and keeps groundwater out. Operations such as excavation, soil removal, and lining are generally carried out under the protection of the shield of the shield machine. It is widely used in tunnel projects for subways, railways, highways, municipal works, and hydropower.

       However, during the operation of the shield machine, ensuring that it excavates along a predetermined trajectory is very challenging. Its control system integrates optics, machinery, electricity, hydraulics, sensing, and information technology, and has functions such as soil cutting, muck transportation, tunnel lining assembly, and measurement and guidance correction, involving multiple disciplines including geology, civil engineering, mechanics, hydraulics, electrical engineering, control, and measurement. Among these, the tilt sensor is an important part of the control system. The tilt sensor can not only measure the absolute tilt angle of the shield machine itself but can also calculate deviation distances and other data based on the tilt angle, playing an irreplaceable role in correcting guidance. In addition, the control system composed of the tilt sensor and other sensors and motors enhances the automation level of the shield machine, saves labor, and speeds up construction.