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The working principle and key points of the inclinometer
(1) The inclinometer tube comes in two shapes: circular and square, with circular being more commonly used domestically. The diameters are typically 50mm, 70mm, etc., and each section is generally 2m long, made from materials such as steel, aluminum alloy, and plastic, with PVC plastic pipes being the most commonly used. Before suspending the rebar cage, the inclinometer tube is extended to the design length and tied to the rebar, then placed into the trench (within the pile hole) along with the rebar cage. The bottom and top of the inclinometer tube must be sealed with caps to prevent mortar, slurry, and debris from entering the hole.
(2) Working principle of the inclinometer. The inclinometer operates based on various principles, including servo accelerometer type, resistance strain gauge type, differential capacitance type, and steel wire type. The most commonly used are the servo accelerometer type and the resistance strain gauge type, with the servo accelerometer type being more accurate and widely used. The inclinometer has a pair of pulleys at both the top and bottom, spaced 500mm apart. Its working principle utilizes the property of a gravity pendulum to maintain a vertical direction, measuring the angle between the instrument's central axis and the vertical line of the pendulum. The change in angle can be converted into an electrical signal, allowing for the determination of displacement changes in the measured structure.
(3) Key operation points. ① When embedding the inclinometer tube, it must be kept vertical. If embedded in a pile body or underground continuous wall, the inclinometer tube should be securely tied to the rebar cage. ② The inclinometer tube has two pairs of directional grooves that are mutually perpendicular, with one pair needing to be perpendicular to the edge of the foundation pit. ③ During measurement, it is essential to ensure that the temperature of the inclinometer and the inside of the tube are roughly the same, and measurements should only begin when the display readings are stable. ④ Since the inclinometer measures the relative displacement between the two pulleys (500mm apart), a fixed point within the inclinometer tube must be chosen as the reference point, typically the bottom end of the tube. The actual displacement at this point is the cumulative relative displacement from the measurement point to the reference point. The inclinometer tube should be embedded at least 1m below the rock layer and at least 4m below the soil layer.
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