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Inertial sensors drive the development of inertial navigation systems.


Inertial sensors include gyroscopes and accelerometers. Currently, the accuracy of accelerometers is quite high and has a small impact on INS errors. Gyroscopes, due to their complex structure, manufacturing difficulties, and significant drift errors affecting INS accuracy, have become a key research focus in inertial sensors. Inertial navigation systems have developed alongside inertial sensors, and their advantages, such as complete autonomy, resistance to interference, large output information, and strong real-time output, have led to widespread applications in military navigation carriers and related civilian fields.

 

  The accuracy and cost of inertial navigation systems mainly depend on the accuracy and cost of gyroscopes and accelerometers, especially the drift of gyroscopes, which affects the growth of position errors in inertial navigation systems as a cubic function of time. High-precision gyroscopes are difficult to manufacture and are very expensive, so the inertial technology community has been seeking various effective methods to improve gyroscope accuracy while reducing system costs. From the liquid-floated gyroscopes of the 1950s to the dynamically tuned gyroscopes of the 1970s; from the ring laser gyroscopes and fiber optic gyroscopes of the 1980s to the vibrating gyroscopes of the 1990s and the currently researched micro-mechanical electronic system gyroscopes, the development of inertial sensors has been continuously promoted.

 

  Inertial sensors are important components for solving navigation, orientation, and motion carrier control, with a wide range of applications from space shuttles to cars and robots. Therefore, research on inertial sensors has always been a focus in the field of inertial technology in various countries, with various new materials and technologies reflected in the research of inertial sensors. With the emergence of low-cost, high-precision inertial sensors, inertial navigation systems will become universal and affordable navigation systems.