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How to correctly choose magnetic angle sensors and encoders for CNC machine tools?
In CNC machine tools, AC servo motors are mainly used for motion control of the machine tool table. To display or control the displacement of the machine tool table, it is often necessary to convert it into a digital quantity, which requires the use of position sensors, commonly including encoders, inductive synchronizers, synchronous machines, and gratings. CNC machine tools generally use encoders and gratings (hereinafter referred to as encoders) for position detection.
There are two types of encoders: absolute encoders and incremental encoders. In the position detection of CNC machine tools, it is desired to provide the relative displacement of the table, for which incremental sensors are needed.
Incremental encoders consist of incremental sensors and signal processing circuits, used in CNC machine systems to detect the relative displacement of the table.
Absolute encoders are used in some high-end CNC machine tools with special requirements.
Taking the incremental sensor with an incremental code disk as an example, it is an optical code disk with a coding pattern consisting of a series of equally spaced radial transparent narrow slits, used to obtain precise optical narrow slits that are staggered by 1/4 of a pitch. The incremental encoder directly uses the principle of optical conversion to output three sets of square wave pulses A, B, and Z; the phase difference between A and B is 90°, making it easy to determine the rotation direction, while the Z phase outputs one pulse per revolution for reference point positioning. Its advantages include a simple structural principle, a mechanical average lifespan of over tens of thousands of hours, strong anti-interference capability, high reliability, and suitability for long-distance transmission. Its disadvantage is that it cannot output the absolute position information of the shaft rotation.
The magnetic-sensitive angle sensor developed and produced by Msensor Sensor uses magnetic array detection technology, providing excellent linear output. It offers absolute angle output, is ready to use immediately, and has no cumulative error. The non-contact measurement of rotating magnetic field changes allows the magnetic-sensitive angle sensor to have no contact points, long lifespan, multiple protections, high resolution, low temperature drift, precise repositioning, strong anti-interference, and resistance to vibration and impact, making it suitable for various harsh industrial environments such as water, oil, gas vibration, and impact, and is an ideal alternative product for CNC machine tools, with both incremental and absolute types available for customization.
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