Zhejiang Urban and Rural Engineering Testing Co., Ltd. —Using LVT526H tilt angle for remote dynamic monitoring of urban and rural building tilt and settlement.

   Zhejiang Urban and Rural Engineering Testing Co., Ltd. is a judicial appraisal and engineering quality testing institution with independent legal person status. It is listed as a judicial appraisal institution by the Zhejiang Provincial High People's Court, holds a quality inspection and testing institution qualification certificate issued by the Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision (Certificate No.: 161101061854), and has a qualification certificate for construction engineering quality testing issued by the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (Certificate No.: Zhe Jian Jian Zi (16) 01051-CHG). The projects that can be carried out after passing the certification review include approximately 300 testing parameters such as foundation testing, building structure testing, building steel structure testing, and witness sampling testing of building materials. The business scope can involve construction engineering fields such as housing construction, bridge engineering, municipal engineering, highways, railways, and communication towers. To adapt to the current demand for informationization, automation, and real-time monitoring of dangerous building assessments.

   Houses built in the 1970s, 80s, and early 90s have entered the later stages of their usage. Due to aging components and inadequate maintenance, safety hazards have increased, compounded by human alterations during the usage phase and environmental factors, which have increased the pressure on housing safety management. Additionally, influenced by the long-standing mindset of 'emphasizing construction while neglecting management', the management of existing houses has been overlooked for a long time. There is no place to check usage data such as alterations, changes in usage functions, disasters, and damage conditions, which has caused difficulties in housing management. The safety of housing usage is an important part of public safety, and it is a significant responsibility of the real estate administrative departments of municipal and district (county) people's governments to timely understand and ensure the safety of residential houses for the public.

   Existing Class C dangerous houses have certain utilization value, and most do not meet the conditions for cessation of use or complete demolition. Some Class C dangerous houses have complex usage environments and site conditions, making reinforcement measures difficult to implement. The Chinese have long held the concept of living and working in peace, and the quality of houses and the concerns of residents about housing quality have always been a focus, especially during severe weather such as typhoons, strong winds, and heavy rain. The total number of Class C dangerous houses is large and dispersed, making it very difficult to rely on competent departments or communities for daily inspections, and there is a lack of relevant professional knowledge and comprehensive judgment capabilities. Establishing a dynamic remote automatic monitoring system for dangerous houses is imperative.

   Implementing dynamic monitoring allows for the selection of daily, weekly, or monthly reporting systems based on actual needs, ensuring real-time dynamic monitoring and that risk avoidance measures (organizing personnel to evacuate first in critical moments) are based on evidence. Through the dynamic remote automatic monitoring system, managers can clearly see the basic information of the houses, real-time data from on-site monitoring (such as house settlement, tilt, cracks, etc.), and risk avoidance suggestions.

Topology of the remote dynamic monitoring system for urban and rural buildings in Zhejiang.

   The system of Zhejiang Urban and Rural Engineering Testing Co., Ltd. is based on high-precision positioning technology from Beidou for monitoring high-rise buildings. It can dynamically monitor the tilt and settlement of high-rise buildings in real-time and is compatible with traditional sensors such as leveling instruments, accelerometers, and inclinometers.

   By installing tilt sensors at the four corners of dangerous houses (buildings), tilt data can be obtained; static leveling instruments can be installed at the foundation of the building to obtain settlement data; and crack gauges can be installed at wall cracks to obtain crack width data. All sensor data is sent to the cloud server for storage via the GPRS wireless network of the wireless DTU control unit at scheduled intervals, and then the client can summarize and analyze the data through remote monitoring software to obtain dynamic assessments of building tilt, settlement, and defect changes.

1. Monitoring system module functions.

   Authorized system users can access the building tilt remote monitoring system's central server through the wireless terminal module connected to the building, providing online monitoring services 365 days a year, 24 hours a day.

· Real-time monitoring:

   The remote monitoring center computer regularly inspects each sensor on the buildings, transmitting the data collected by the sensors to the backend data center wirelessly, achieving proactive and real-time monitoring.

· Timely alarms:

   Once the data collected by the sensors on the building exceeds safety values, the backend system will actively send alarm information. The alarm methods support various options: computer system alarms, WeChat public account alarms to designated responsible personnel's mobile phones, etc., ensuring that maintenance personnel receive information and respond promptly.

· Remote login:

   This system uses cloud platform data management technology. System maintenance personnel can log into the monitoring system from any internet-enabled computer in the country to check the tilt indicators of monitored buildings and view device information anytime and anywhere.

· Hierarchical management:

   The monitoring system supports user hierarchical management. The system can set multiple users with different management permissions, allowing users with various permissions to view and maintain their respective devices, where the super administrator can manage all devices, while the lowest-level administrator can only view devices within their managed area, greatly facilitating device management.

· Information inquiry:

   The monitoring system supports real-time monitoring information inquiries and historical monitoring information inquiries, providing a scientific basis for managers to conduct systematic analysis of the safety status of buildings.

· Remote management:

   Supports remote reboot, remote upgrade, remote configuration, and other functions, saving maintenance personnel's time, reducing the workload of repeated site visits, and significantly saving maintenance costs.

· Massive operation:

   This monitoring system supports thousands of devices operating online simultaneously, and system engineers will monitor the operational status of the system in real-time and optimize it promptly.

2. Monitoring system interface, sensor installation.

   Using GPS and DTU automatic real-time monitoring equipment, inclinometers, crack gauges, and other specialized monitoring equipment along with a real-time dynamic monitoring management platform, Class D I-type dangerous houses are monitored every hour; Class C II-type dangerous houses are monitored every two hours. In cases of typhoons and weather changes, as well as government requirements, I-type and II-type dangerous houses can be monitored every 2 to 5 minutes, with technical personnel on remote duty.